Panic attacks are not dangerous, and they cannot cause a heart attack, even though they feel like one. This is one of the most important things to understand about panic disorder. During a panic attack, your body activates the fight-or-flight response—the same system that would kick in if you encountered a bear in the woods. Your heart rate increases to pump blood to your muscles. You breathe faster to get more oxygen. You sweat to cool down. These are normal physiological responses to perceived danger. The problem is that your alarm system is going off when there’s no actual threat. It’s a false alarm. The sensations are real and uncomfortable, but they’re not harmful. Your heart is built to handle elevated heart rate—that’s what happens every time you exercise. The chest tightness and shortness of breath are caused by rapid breathing and muscle tension, not a cardiac event. Panic attacks typically peak within 10 minutes and then subside. They don’t cause heart attacks, strokes, or death. Understanding this intellectually is helpful, but real change comes from experiencing it directly through treatment. That’s why interoceptive exposure is so powerful—you learn through your own experience that these sensations, while uncomfortable, are not dangerous.